The Historical Basis Of Heart Of Darkness - 883 Words

The historical basis of Heart of Darkness is the overtaking of the Congo by King Leopold II of Belgium. Leopold subjugated the indigenous people of the Congo in order to use them as slaves in his quest for rubber and ivory, much like that of the Company who said they were helping the natives while searching for ivory and Kurtz who took advantage of the peoples beliefs to have them procure the ivory for him. In an attempt to attain colonies for Belgium, Leopold acquired a colony of his own as a private citizen. Leopold was able to establish a private holding company known as the â€Å"Association Internationale Africaine†. This company was publically intended to be an international scientific and philanthropic association; however under the guise of this company Leopold hired a Henry Morton Stanley to acquire a colony in the Congo. Stanley was able to gain the land by deceiving the chiefs into signing land deal when they thought they were signing friendship treaties. This colony would be known as the Congo Free State after the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885 when the representatives of 14 European countries as well as the United States recognized Leopold’s claim to most of the land that he had acquired. When everything was said and done the Congo Free State was 905,000 square miles, 76 times larger than Belgium. Leopold had total control over an area 76 times larger than th e country he ruled, giving him the ability and the power to do whatever he wished. Though Leopold privatelyShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Heart Of Darkness By Chinua Achebe1364 Words   |  6 Pages In Chinua Achebe’s essay, â€Å"An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad s Heart of Darkness,† Achebe purports that Joseph Conrad’s short story, Heart of Darkness, should not be taught due to it’s racist caricature of Africa and African culture. In Conrad’s book, Marlow, a sea captain, is tasked with venturing into the center of the Congo, otherwise known as the Heart of Darkness, to retrieve a mentally unstable ivory trader named Kurtz. Marlow narrates his adventures with a tinge of apathy for the enslavedRead More Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India1683 Words   |  7 Pages It is best to analyze the works, Heart of Darkness and A Passage to India, applying the historical and cultural conditions of the society in which they were produced. The relations between groups and classes of people that imperialism sets up, and that these two works explore, starkly reveals the contradictions within capitalism in a way that a similar piece of fiction set within one culture and dealing with characters from that culture alone cannot. Prior to the analysis however, I would likeRead MoreThings Fall Apart vs. Heart of Darkness Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesAfrican Colonization through Literature: Things Fall Apart Vs. Heart of Darkness History is an extraordinary mix of truth and fiction. The dichotomy that is bred from different historic al perspectives opens the eyes of those who study history to the semi-fabricated nature of much of humanities past. For most of recorded history, events have been recorded and retold through the eyes of the victors. Only recently have people had the opportunity to view both sides of issues. The Western practiceRead MoreHeart of Darkness Lit. Journal1712 Words   |  7 PagesHeart of Darkness: Literary Vocabulary Journal Directions: As you read Heart of Darkness, you will note examples of important literary devices used by Conrad in the text. First, find the definition and fill them in the table below. Then, find and example from the text. You can find definitions on the internet (using a literary terms dictionary). Or in a Literary Dictionary. Online Literary Dictionary: http://web.cn.edu/kwheeler/lit_terms_A.html Term/Definition: Example from the text: BriefRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 PagesIn the present era of decolonization, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical debate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism andRead MoreStream of Consciousness Novel1102 Words   |  5 PagesPortrait of a Lady (1881) The Wings of the Dove (1902) and The Golden Bowl (1904) Henry James presented a complex, interiorized prose style quite akin to that of the proper ‘stream-of-consciousness’ novelists. Joseph Conrad in Lord Jim (1900) and Heart of Darkness (1902) shows his s ubtlety in the art of objective projection of the complex psychic worlds of the characters in which temporal boundaries of the past and the present are always in an inconceivable flux. Dorothy Richardson sought to apprehendRead More The Meaning of Heart of Darkness in the Post-Colonial Climate3726 Words   |  15 PagesThe Meaning of Heart of Darkness in the Post-Colonial Climate Since its publication in 1899, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness has rarely been disputed on the basis of its literary merits; in fact, it was long seen as one of the great novels of the burgeoning modern era, a sort of bridge between the values and storytelling styles of the waning Victorian period and those of the modern era (Gatten), and regarded a high-ranking space amidst the great literature of the century, if not theRead MoreThe Importance Of Biblical Faith And General Human Wisdom1430 Words   |  6 Pageshand. Faith is a radical trust in the sovereignty and goodness of God. (Boa, 250) God is in control and has one s best interest at heart. 　　　　One might also maintain the truth of biblical teaching, and yet affirm elements of God s wisdom variously present in the cultures and cultural religions of the world. The cultural mentalities that produced such historical phenomena as the Crusades or the Spanish Inquisition are entirely devoid of biblical faith of general human wisdom. Faith in God s wordRead MoreThe New Testament Book of John: An Analysis1711 Words   |  7 Pagesinstance, in Chapter 21, the text tells us that the Gospel is a part of the testimony from the disciple whom Jesus Loved. However, when the text and style is analyzed, it seems that it is more likely an amalgamation of a number of texts that provide a basis for the material as well as the textual subject (Theissen, 1998, Chapter 2). John actually presents a higher level of Christology that the synoptic Gospels, typically describing Jesus as the complete incantation of the divine Logos through which theRead MoreThe Undergroun d Railroad Essay1530 Words   |  7 PagesDuring this time, not all white folks agreed with enslaving other human beings so a group of White-Americans, called abolitionists, helped aid hundreds of slaves to freedom (Salzman 2225). There are several historical fiction novels that help explain this period of slavery accurately. Historical fiction novels convey a certain time period and usually borrow characteristics from this time period, but the actual story is fictitious. The novel, The Underground Railroad, by Colson Whitehead, is set in

My Learning About Myself As A Learner And Biology

Throughout this semester my learning about myself as a learner and biology is backed by multiple changes in my study habits with the evidence included in my documentation, self-regulation, critical reflection, integration, and my collaboration with a Community of Practice. I enrolled in this Principles of Biology class this semester because it was a requirement for my major. This class is important for my long term goals because it is a requirement for me to achieve those goals. Those goals include multiple things like obtaining a degree in Biochemistry and attending medical school. Taking this course will better prepare me for my goals because it will give me the background and knowledge that is needed for higher level courses. This class†¦show more content†¦Example of one of these qualities includes me looking up definitions that were not given to us in the lecture slides. Also I have now have some qualities of an active learner because now I collaborate with other studen ts and I also have many different ways to identify processes and arguments. I have developed as a student of biology because I am now able to apply concepts to everyday life and to other courses that involve some of the same aspects of this class. I can now explain some of the processes more in depth than I was able to do before. These changes in my ability to learn and my developments as a student of biology are supported by the evidence within my documentation, reflections. exams scores and other aspects of this course. Providing documentation in week in this course was a way for me to examine my learning and better prepare me for future exams and to help me understand when changes need to be made in my learning habits based on exam scores. The early weeks of documentation in this course were not as helpful as the last few weeks. The early weeks of documentation only included things such as notes from lecture slides and notes from the information that was spoken about during class . These weeks were not as helpful with my learning because they only stated the facts and they did not allow me a different way of

Papers Essay Example For Students

Papers Essay New Members Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, writ e reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There a re no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quo tes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will n ot be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at O PPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. New Members There are no fees for anything whatsoever at OPPapers.com. When you become a member at OPPapers.com, you can view full papers, write reviews, post in the forums, add quotes, and post a profile. Your account will be activated immediately. Be sure to include a valid email address in the form below or your account will not be setup properly. If you have donated a paper here before, please go to our claim form. 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Product Evaluation Apple iPhone 3G

Today, the smartphones produced by Apple Inc. are familiar to many persons. This market is competitive, and new versions of the products are presented almost every year when the production of the outdated models is regularly discontinued. The market is based on improvements and innovations in the sphere that is why the outdated models cannot compete during a long period of time. It is possible to discuss this idea using the example of the Apple iPhone 3G.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Product Evaluation: Apple iPhone 3G specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From this point, it is necessary to assess the qualities of the Apple iPhone 3G which was launched in 2008 as a revolutionary variant of the smartphones of the second generation with GPS and 3G possibilities, then it was proposed as the budget model, and later its production was ceased. The Apple iPhone 3G can be discussed as an outdated model of smartphones in r elation to such criteria as the software used, hardware features, Internet connectivity, and additional specifications presented in this model as innovative. The software and hardware are the important characteristics of smartphones which influence the aspects of the device’s work. The Apple iPhone 3G used iPhone OS 2.0 as the software which can be discussed as improved for the period of 2008, but it is updated in comparison with the modern versions of the operating systems for the family of Apple iPhones. Furthermore, the main specifications of the smartphones’ hardware did not change much in comparison with the previous model’s characteristics. The designers did not reinvent the model, but added some new features to it (Mannion 32). The Apple iPhone 3G operated the support memory of Numonyx which was the Intel/STMicro spin-off, and it included 16 Mbytes of NOR flash and 8 Mbytes of pseudo-SRAM (Mannion 30-32). Moreover, the communication function was based on the Skywords SKY77340 824-to 915-MHz quad-band GSM/EDGE, and it is important to note that this component was also used in the original iPhone. The work of battery was based on the Linear Technology LTC4088-2. Such features as the absence of significant differences in the look in comparison with the original iPhone and the usage of the same 2-Mpixel camera can be discussed as negative characteristics of the model which were determined after the release of the Apple iPhone 3G (Mannion 30-32). Launching the product, the company declared the considerable improvements related to the Internet connectivity. Thus, the interactive experience of clients was based on ATT’s High-Speed Packet Access 3G network. In spite of the fact the manufactures paid attention to the clients’ Web browsing experience, the download speed was rather low in comparison with the expected speed of 700K to 1.7Mbps. It is also low in comparison with the contemporary standards which are approximately 4,29 0Kbps.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, some innovations and improvements in the model were also presented. They are the built-in GPS, the exchange support based on Microsoft ActiveSync, the possibility to use Cisco’s IPSec VPN client, the orientation to Wi-Fi Protected Access 2, and the access to new developed App Store (Cox 14; Shaw 28). Although these improvements were current and necessary for 2008, today the Apple iPhones and the other smartphones have all these characteristics as basic ones. Basing on the examined criteria, it is possible to conclude that the Apple iPhone 3G as the representative of the second generation of smartphones was the improved model of the original iPhone, but the basic characteristics were almost unchanged. Thus, the features and specifications of the Apple iPhone 3G cannot be discussed as innovative in comparison with the mode rn standards developed for the iPhones of the sixth generation. Works Cited Cox, John. â€Å"IPhone 3G Has Corporate Feel†. Network World 16 Jun. 2008: 14. Print. Mannion, Patrick. â€Å"Apple iPhone 3G Exposed†. Electronic Engineering Times 10 Nov. 2008: 30-32. Print. Shaw, Keith. â€Å"Review: iPhone 3G Makes Great Greater†. Network World 21 Jul. 2008: 28. Print. This essay on Product Evaluation: Apple iPhone 3G was written and submitted by user Phoebe A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition of the Preterite Tense in Spanish

Definition of the Preterite Tense in Spanish Definition of the Preterite Tense The preterite (often spelled preterit) verb tense is the tense that expresses an action that took  place at a definite time in the past. It is contrasted with the imperfect tense, which expresses an action that took place at an indefinite time or has not been completed. The preterite is the tense that would normally be thought of as the past tense in English. The preterite is also known as the simple past tense in English and as the pretà ©rito indefinido or pretà ©rito perfecto simple in Spanish. When To Use the Preterite In general, the preterite is used in referring to events that happened at a specific time or to repeated events that happened over a specific time. A simple example would be Ayer yo buscaba las llaves (I looked for the keys yesterday) because the event happened at a specific time. If youre talking about something that didnt occur at a particular time, you usually would use the imperfect tense. For example, you might say, Yo buscaba las llaves en todas partes (I looked for the keys everywhere), as its unspecified when you did the searching. Some Spanish words and phrases, sometimes known as indicators, always or nearly always are used with the preterite. Among the common ones: anoche (last night)anteayer (the day before yesterday)h3Miscellaneous Facts About the Preterite/h3el aà ±o pasado (last year)ayer (yesterday)hace _____ (_____ ago)el mes pasado (last month)el otro dà ­a (the other day)la semana pasada (last week) Conjugation of the Preterite Here are the regular  conjugations  for the preterite  -ar,  -er, and  -ir  verbs. The endings, added to the verb stems, are shown in boldface: Example  -ar  verb  cantar  (to sing): yo cantà ©Ã‚  (I sang)tà º cantaste  (you sang)usted/à ©l/ella cantà ³Ã‚  (you/he/she/it sang)nosotros/nosotras cantamos  (we sang)vosotros/vosotras cantasteis  (you sang)ustedes/ellos/ellas cantaron  (you/they sang) Example  -er  verb  temer  (to fear): yo temà ­Ã‚  (I feared)tà º temiste  (you feared)usted/à ©l/ella temià ³Ã‚  (you/he/she/it feared)nosotros/nosotras temimos  (we feared)vosotros/vosotras temisteis  (you feared)ustedes/ellos/ellas temieron  (you/they feared) Example  -ir  verb  partir  (to divide): yo partà ­Ã‚  (I divided)tà º partiste  (you divided)usted/à ©l/ella partià ³Ã‚  (you/he/she/it divided)nosotros/nosotras partimos  (we divided)vosotros/vosotras partisteis  (you divided)ustedes/ellos/ellas partieron  (you/they divided) Note that in the first-person plural or we forms, the forms are the same for both the  present  and imperfect tenses. In other words,  cantamos  can mean either we sing or we sang. Context will nearly always tell you which translation is appropriate. Sample Sentences Using the Preterite Pablo me hablà ³. (Pablo spoke to me.) Ana escribià ³ la carta. (Ana wrote the letter). Hace dos aà ±os fuimos a Nueva Zelanda. (Two years ago we went to New Zealand.) Se se cayà ³ tu celular al agua y no sabes que hacer, no desesperes. (If your cellphone fell into the water and you dont know what to do, dont worry.) Se puso el sol. (The sun set.) Compraron dos respiradores para el hospital. (They bought two respirators for the hospital.) El aà ± aà ±o pasado, esperamos las lluvias, pero nunca llegaron. (Last year we expected the rains, but they never came.) Anteayer estudiamos la epidemia de Barcelona de 1821. (The day before yesterday we studied the 1821 Barcelona epidemic. Note that without anteayear, the sentence would be ambiguous as to whether the studying occurred in the past or is currently taking place.) Ayear  fui el mejor dà ­a de mi vida. (Yesterday  was the best day of my life.) Mirà © a la derecha y ella mirà ³ a la izquierda. (I looked to the right and she looked to the left.)   Miscellaneous Facts About Using the Preterite The preterite is nearly always used in discussing events that happened only one time. El concierto fue un à ©xito. (The concert was a success.) One use of the preterite is to indicate that a process has become complete. La estudiante alcanzà ³ el tà ­tulo de campeà ³n. (The student took  the title of champion.) The preterite can also be used to indicate the beginning of a process: Guillermo conocà ­ a mi madre. (Guillermo met my mother. Note that conocer can mean to know or to meet. The translation of met is used because it refers to the moment that the two people began to know each other.)Tuve el coche perfecto. (I got the perfect car. If you used the imperfect form, tenà ­a, the verb would indicate ownership of the car rather than the obtaining of it.)

Top-level Accommodations for Students in the USA

Top-level Accommodations for Students in the USA Best Students USA Accommodations Apparently, you are convinced that college accommodation is definitely one of the worst things you should survive while obtaining your degree. Besides doubtful neighbors, you will face living in a new space, which most of us imagine like small, uncomfortable room, where one is stuck for three or five years. Thus, most students try to hire flats or live at their parent’s place, which can be not very convenient due to additional time and transport expenses. Students’ accommodation is usually situated on the campus territory, so living there you have distinctively more time for sports, library attendance, writing essays or entertainment with your friends. So, what is it better to do in such situation and how to cope with this difficult choice of place for living? Before preferring any of your options concerning living conditions, we recommend you not to haste and find out everything about the accommodation at your college. You will be exceedingly surprised, but we want to astonish you with the fact that accommodations can be even architectural masterpieces. So meet these well-planned buildings, which dismantle all stereotypes. Baker House This building is designed and built for Cambridge students in Massachusetts. The project of the Baker House is executed by the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. The architect embodied his ideas to provide a view out over the Charles River for each student and located the Baker house along the river. Besides, Alvar Aalto tried to avoid making typical and ordinary room design. Thus, he created 22 bedrooms on each floor. These bedrooms are saturated with individuality due to different shapes. The building has facade, made from red brick and fascinates all passersby by its look. That is so great for students to live in such an outstanding accommodation, which can become not only the place for living, but one of the vivid and bright recollections, concerning their years at the university. Peabody Terrace This students’ housing is located also in Harvard, Massachusetts and was designed by an architect Josep Luis Sert. Being the dean of the architecture school at Harvard University, Josep selected several room designs and arranged them into sections, creating terraces. The building has complex and peculiar design, but there can be hardly any students, who will not appreciate living at such astonishing place. Architects emphasize it outstanding design and ideological commitment and it will be an exciting experience for students to spend their time at this building. Noyes House This student dormitory is located in New York at the territory of the Vasar College campus. This building was designed by Eero Saarinen in slick crescent-shaped form. It was built in 1958 and symbolized the new breath to the residential life of the students. Though its architecture has respectful age, at those times it was a real breakthrough in the design of such buildings. Noyes House gives house for 178 students and is not a simple accommodation. It represents the first, progressive steps in the area of architecture masterpieces in regard to college and campus buildings. Olympia Avenue This is totally innovative residence hall for students, located in the Washington State. This building combines great interior design and superb interior planning, which presupposes lounges, kitchens, laundry facilities and studies, located on each floor. Except modern design this hall offers a lot of friendly features – storm water collection, geothermal heating and cooling, site restorations by means of natural landscaping and vegetation. So along with the living function Olympia Avenue executes the educational function, teaching its dwellers to take care about the environment. These students’ accommodations prove that there are always exceptions from the rules and college dormitories can be a great place for living. Just imagine how much friends you will make and what a great time you will spend, living in one of such dormitories at the campus area. Treat it as one of the adventures of your life and enjoy the best years at your college.

Network Operating Systems and Security BEng Assignment

Network Operating Systems and Security BEng - Assignment Example In the context of network security definition, it consists of concerns related to network communication privacy, confidentiality of data over the network, accessing unauthorized classified data, access to prohibited network domains and utilizing Internet for concealed communication (Network Security. 2007). The security predictions that were published in an article for the year 2010 incorporates new advanced threats named as advanced persistent threats (APT), Cyber war escalates, VoIP attacks, Perimeter shrinks and harden, social networking sites, malware, DLP for intellectual property protection and malware as a service (MaaS) (Watchguard Unveils Top 10 Security Predictions for 2011. 2011). In order to protect the computer network, organizations emphasize on implementing hardware and software application as well as a security policy. This policy is followed by constructing a security policy document that defines rules and procedures. A typical security policy is constructed on a set of rules that defines authorization and access of network resources of an organization (, what is security policy? definition and meaning).The aim of implementing these security policies is to establish rules and procedures for improper use of network services. Moreover, the objective is to create a framework that will assist in identification and prevention of unauthorized access of network services (, Network Security Policy). Network security issues can lead to many different aspects. For example, if the server containing customer data is breached, organization will lose its credibility and trust among the customer and that will result in business loss. Similarly, if a critical system is hacked by internal or external sources, organization’s financial data along with goals and objectives can be revealed to other competitors. In order to eliminate the threats including unauthorized access, viruses, Trojans, malware and malicious codes, a security policy document is require d. The document will provide a consistent framework to secure the integrity of the network along with eliminating risk abided by security threats and vulnerabilities. 2 Risk Assessment Risk assessment is a process to evaluate risks associated with threats and vulnerabilities to the network. Three factors will be considered in this scenario i.e. Assets, Threats and Security Priority Identification. 2.1 Assets The identification of information assets is vital before conducting risk assessment. Information assets are defined as the entities that hold organization data. A good definition is available on ‘www.ibm.com’ which states it as, â€Å"information assets are specific to your business functions and business strategies, they may be contained within broad categories such as contractual and legislative compliance, those needing virus prevention, those critical to business recovery following security compromises, etc.† The information assets for an organization wil l be technology assets, data asset, service asset and people asset. In case of educational establishment the assets that need to be prioritized are: file space server, Linux web server, finance server, student database and email server. 2.2 Threats Threats are defined as

Organization value's Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organization value's - Research Paper Example Perhaps, the conflict weakened the foundation of the university’s mission and vision. A large number of people in the university, such as senior administrators, discovered that severe problems continue unresolved. Demands to the administration led to the formation of a committee tasked to identify the issues that the university’s important constituents had. What followed is a comprehensive assessment of senior administrators. The general findings showed that most British and Irish students and employees had little or even no knowledge of the decisions and actions of the administrators due to poor information sharing. In contrast, the American employees stated they were aware of what should be performed and how it should be realized. In order to concretely ascertain the dissatisfaction with the process of information sharing in the university, I conducted small interviews with some of the administrators, faculty staff, and students. Some of the students and employees bel ieved that the administration could work by itself and should be doubted to work for their best interests. Only the administrative personnel expressed high satisfaction with the process and outcome of information sharing in the university. The responses of the students express a considerable degree of ‘uninformed’ stances. ... and I know that these are not reliable sources of information.† The opinion of the faculty staff on the poor system of information sharing is expressed in the statement, â€Å"Honestly, I am not informed of the steps that are being taken to build the assets of the university. Our administrators do not show genuine commitment to the people at the university, especially with regard to sharing of information and values. Apparently, the dissatisfaction among the employees and students at the university is rooted in the lack of information, but with the Irish people this lack of information is a defense mechanism against accountability. The Americans and British demand information for the purpose of learning. The Irish are more contented with the lack of information for the purpose of blaming. This is a major issue for the university. The responses of the faculty staff, mainly British and American, express discontentment with the administration of Americans and British, whereas the most positive opinions of top administrators originate from the Irish employees. This phenomenon is conceivably brought about by differences in cultures and values within the organization. The Effect of Cultural Diversity and Poor Information Sharing Practices on the University’s Organizational Values The Irish groups demonstrate greater power distance over the British and American personnel. The latter groups demand that they have the right to question or challenge those in authority. My interview reveals that a number of American and British faculty members believe that it is their duty to oppose those in the top echelons. This opposition occurs in person, in the form of debate. On the other hand, Irish personnel dislike opposing those in power. The more relevant the concern is to them, the

Sprayer and Probability Questions Essay Example for Free

Sprayer and Probability Questions Essay 1. A real estate office has been averaging 1.8 sales per day for the past several months. What is the probability that the office will make 4 sales today? .0723 2. A washing machine in a Laundromat breaks down an average of two times per month. What is the probability that the machine will break down more than 28 times in the next year? .1775 3. Flaws occur randomly in a particular fabric with a mean rate of occurance of 1.5 every 5 sqare yards. If you purchase 20 square yards of fabric, what is the probability that there will be at least 5 flaws in your fabric? . 5543 4. A coil of wire has 500 metres of wire. Suppose there are 20 nicks (the most common problem with wire) are randomly distributed on a coil. a) What is the probability that in a 50 metre length of wire there will be at least 7 nicks? .0011 b) What is the probability that in a 31 metre length of wire there will be exactly 3 nick(s)? .0920 5. Two students have started a business to seal driveways during the summer months. They rent a pickup truck and a power sprayer. With this they will use a tar based spray to seal asphalt driveways. Past experience has shown that the best time to sign up customers is to ring their doorbells between 5:00 and 8:00 p.m. on any weekday evening. Any jobs that they obtain will be completed the next day. In the months of June. July and August they find that they get an average of 2.9 customers per hour ringing doorbells. a) What is the probability that they will get from 5 to 7 jobs in an evening of soliciting? Â  b) They charge $25 per driveway. If the truck costs $45 per day, and the spraying equipment costs $20 per day and the material to seal one driveway costs $6, what is the probability that they will make a profit on any given day.

Comparing The Indian to His Love and The Hosting of the Sidhe Essay

The Indian to His Love and The Hosting of the Sidhe The Aesthetic Movement, as exemplified by "The Indian to His Love," by W. B. Yeats, seems lifeless and insipid when compared to his "The Hosting of the Sidhe." The images of the two poems are so completely different that they almost demand a different set of rules dealing with their creation. It would be virtually impossible for Yeats to deal effectively with the subject matter of "The Hosting of the Sidhe" in the same manner as "The Indian to His Love" because he is viewing the world from a different perspective for each poem. There is little relationship between the characters of "The Indian to His Love" and those of "The Hosting of the Sidhe." In the former, Yeats deals exclusively with mortals, idealized perhaps, but nonetheless mortals who must deal with the world as mortals: "Here we will moor our lovely ship/ And wander ever with woven hands," and. "How we alone of mortals are." These characters are not only mortals, but are anonymous in that they have no personal identities, and there is no representation of them as individuals. The lovers seem to decorate the scene much as the "peahens" and the "parrot." Yeats does, however, remind the readers of the characters' mortality even while he makes them seem timeless. "How when we die our shades will rove" tells clearly that those mortals may be in a dream, but even this dream is destined to end. In "The Hosting of the Sidhe," in contrast to "The Indian and His Love," Yeats deals with the ... ...e the reader at all. On the other hand, in "The Hosting of the Sidhe," Yeats presents the ideal of life: immortals in a real world. Yeats wants the reader to feel the life in this poem, not just observe it. The poem reaches out and coaxes: "Away, come away:/ Empty your heart of its mortal dream." The world Yeats sees in each poem is completely different, and by choosing his words carefully and changing his style of writing, he allows readers to see that difference and to feel it. handouts home

Case Study DGL International Essay

When DGL International, a manufacturer of refinery equipment, brought in John Terrill tomanage its Sales Engineering division, company executives informed him of the urgentsituation. Sale Engineering, with 20 engineers, was the highest-paid, best-educated, andleast-productive division in the company. The instruction to Terrill: Turn it around. Terrillcalled a meeting of engineers. He showed great concern for their personal welfare andasked point blank: â€Å"What’s the problem? Why can’t we produce? Why does this divisionhave such turnover?Without hesitation, employees launched a hail of complaints. â€Å"I was hired as an engineer,not a pencil pusher.† â€Å"We spend over half of our time writing asinine reports in triplicatefor top management, and no one reads the reports.† We have to account for every penny,which doesn’t give us time to work with customers or new developments.†After a two-hour discussion, Terrill began to envision a future in which engineers were freeto work with customers and join self-directed teams for product development. Terrillconcluded he had to get top management off the engineers’ back. He promised theengineers, â€Å"My job is to stay out of your way so you ca do your work, and I’ll try to keeptop management off your backs, too.† He called for the day’s reports and issued an order effective immediately that the originals be turned in daily to his office rather than mailed toheadquarters. For three weeks, technical reports piled up on his desk. By month’s end, thestack was nearly three feet high. During that time no one called for the reports. When other managers entered his office and saw the stacks, they usually asked, â€Å"What’s all this?†Terrill answered, â€Å"Technical reports, No one asked to read them.Finally, at month’s end, a secretary from finance called and asked for the monthly traveland expenses report. Terrill responde d, â€Å"Meet me at the president’s office tomorrowmorning.†

Entrance Nursing

Children pretend and use their imaginations to carry out their inner dreams. From playing doctor to wearing a firefighter’s hat as children we already have it set in our minds the roles we want to play in our adult lives. As a child I always had the desire to help people in need. If a friend fell while playing tag I would stop to help, when my younger siblings would cry I would always offer my candy and a hug. I learned that helping others made me feel good. It was something I loved.While becoming a woman I only embrace this love even more. Although I did not comprehend that these small gestures as a child would soon lead me into a path of nursing, I am truly aware that they have opened a place in my heart for a career as a nurse. Over the years I have assimilated the remedy of caring and understanding the medical needs of various individuals. I now understand that medical needs are not just cured with medicine alone; but with care, nurture and support received during the reco very period.For example, if you treat someone as if they are sick and not reinsure him or her that they can possibly get better; that person will continue to feel sick and have no ambition in recovery. I understand through my own personal experience that nurses/caregivers/doctors can pave the way for a person to find a balance and harmony within the mind, body and soul; which would promote a greater amount of health in a person and a sense of serenity. I believe through my life changing experiences I can make a difference in the lives of those in need and also helping those recover from their ailments.My first life changing experience was my first job at the age of 14. I received my working documents and had the privilege to work in the Admissions department at Metropolitan Hospital. The office was right outside the Emergency Room. I remember having front row seats to the different traumas that entered the hospital. The one experience that I will not forget was the time a teenage bo y was rushed in after being hit by a car while riding his bike. He was not severely hurt, just in pain waiting for his parents to arrive.My initial reaction was to help him and keep him company until his parents arrived. I was completely helpless but still felt the need to do something. The only thing that came to mind was purchasing the young boy a bag of potato chips and a can of soda from the vending machine. I gave it to him and he smiled and thanked me. I felt a sense of gratification but did not realize how much that small gesture helped him with his fear of being in the hospital. It made him comfortable and open to receiving care from the doctor if necessary and made me realize I wanted to pursue a career in nursing.My second life changing experience was in the year of 2007 in which I had the chance to participate in the delivery of a baby. My friend asked me to accompany her while she gave birth to her daughter. I was honored and extremely excited. I recall being extra suppo rtive during her periods of contractions; rubbing her back, getting her ice, assuring her that everything will be okay and telling her to breathe. I do not have any children of my own so this was all new to me yet I was ecstatic and prepared give all the help I could.I recall when it was time for her to deliver her baby; I held one leg while the nurse held the other. We both encouraged her to push and I held her hand at her request. I will never forget the feeling that I had from watching life being brought to this world. I also had a newfound respect for mothers, but also for nurses and doctors. I realized that working in this field is not a job but a lifestyle. You must prepare yourself for different situations such as births, deaths, and ailments. You have to be supportive and considerate to different kind of emotions.After taking place in this experience I have decided that I when I become a nurse I want to work in the Labor and Delivery unit. I want to contribute with bringing life to the world and happiness to an entire family. I enjoy being a part of that support system, especially for those mothers that do not have a support team of their own outside of the hospital staff. My final, but most important, life changing experience occurred in 2008. This was the year that I was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis (MS).As a teen many circumstances forced me to live on my own at the age of 16, yet I managed to graduate from high school and find a job working with the mentally disabled. At 18 years old, I got my own apartment and had took on the responsibility of caring for my two younger brothers, whom I provided both emotional and financial support to. I had to provide housing and try my hardest to teach them responsibility although I was learning myself. This caused me to have to take on more hours at work and play a major role I was much unprepared for.Throughout life I have been so focused on providing and supporting others that I forgot to properly care fo r myself. I ignored all the symptoms of my disease for years until my body finally gave up and I had to be hospitalized. Though this may seem like a detrimental period of my life, it wasn’t. I had lots of love from family and friends but the nurses played a significant role in my recovery; not just physically but emotionally, mentally and spiritually. They were very helpful, nurturing, kind, and thoughtful and gave me the confidence needed to pull through this tragic moment in my life.The nurses and doctors vigorously reassured me that things would get better. They gave me energy, made me smile, and most of all they helped prepare me for my journey ahead allowing me to deal with my life long friend (MS). This life changing experience gave me the opportunity to intertwine the incident of being the patient and learning how to properly treat and care for a patient when I start in my career of being a nurse. Medical care is much more than a prescription from a pad, a needle to th e vein, an x-ray or a simple checkup. It includes the love and care that comes from within.You need an attitude that will stand firm with the fight against an ailment as well as be understanding when a patient is giving a hard time because he or she is afraid and does not comprehend their situation. If given the opportunity of _________ (to attend your school or receive the scholarship, include names) _______________I am confident that it will lead to a better career and lifestyle not only for me but also for others. I plan to complete my degree in nursing and pursue a career as a nurse but most importantly as a great leader encouraging others with obstacles that their goals can be achieved.Although I have been faced with many obstacles in my life, I do not feel these obstacles should prevent me from achieving my goals therefore I do not plan to allow any circumstances to prohibit me from what I am striving for. My life changing experience has molded me into the woman I am today, pu shing me to work harder towards my goals. I am ready to combine both the knowledge that I have gained from my own personal experience and the knowledge I will embrace from attending classes, working with other individuals in this field, and research to actualize what I am destined to do; helping others.

buy custom Effects of Fast Food Consumption essay

buy custom Effects of Fast Food Consumption essay Fast food refers to food, whose preparation and serving takes a short time. While every food that has low preparation time is regarded as fast food, the term is usually used to refer to foods, sold in stores or restaurants, with precooked or preheated ingredients, and is served to clients in a packed form as take-away. In the current world, where people are either busy with work, school, or business etc., there is hardly any time to prepare and eat a decent meal at home. Fast food has become the ideal choice for many people around the world, mainly because it is convenient, cheap, and tasty. Consequently, numerous fast food restaurants have been established in different parts of the world to meet the high demand for fast foods. It is crucial to mention that the low cost of fast food is because it is made from low cost ingredients like refined grains, high fat meat, high fats, salt and sugar, with little or no nutrients and vitamins. The United States is the leading world producer of fast food. American fast food restaurants are found in over one hundred countries worldwide. Approximately two million employees in the United States are employed in the fast food industry, including such areas as food servicing and preparation. According to Maynard (18), there are available more than 200, 000 restaurants, generating a revenue of $ 120 billion in sales in the U.S. alone. The key players in the American fast food industry include McDonalds, Domino Pizza, Yum Brands, Sonic as well as Wendys. Fast food consumption has become increasingly popular amongst Americans over the years (Spake 54). This has been attributed to increased advertising of fast foods, the fast-paced lifestyle of Americans as well as the exponential increase of fast food restaurants. Being the leading consumer of fast foods in the whole world, America is struggling with obesity as a key health concern for its citizens. Though fast food is exceptionally tasty, cheap and convenient, which helps to save time, thus, increasing peoples efficiency (Spake 54), I am strongly against its consumption because of the numerous negative effects it has on health. The Negative Effects of Fast Food Consumption Obesity Research by Spake (54) revealed a direct connection between the fast food consumption and obesity; people who consume fast foods more than two times a week weigh on average five extra pounds compared to those who eat fast foods occasionally. Fast foods are notorious for their high calories, salt, sugar, fat; all of which are associated with obesity. Eating excess calories than the body can burn results in obesity. It is estimated that sixty million American adults are obese, while one hundred and twenty seven million others are overweight (Hurley Liebman 13). The incidence of obesity is highest in America as opposed to other developed countries globally (Cutler, Glaeser Shapiro 93), and it cuts across all sectors of American population (Flegal, Carroll, Odgen Johnson 1723 1727). In addition, there is a growing concern for the alarming number of children and adolescents who are overweight in America. It is estimated that 15% of American children are overweight in comparison to onl y 4% not many decades ago (Hurley Liebman 13). It is estimated that every year the United States spend more than 150 billion dollars on obesity-related health conditions, and about 300,000 deaths occur due to obesity (Hurley Liebman 13). The negative effects of obesity on human health, which results from fast food consumption, are far-ranging and numerous and are discussed below: Heart Problems The high cholesterol and fat content in most of fast foods are associated with various heart problems such as heart attacks, high blood pressure, stroke, heart disease etc. (Raloff 381-382). Fast foods contain high fat levels, which can build up in arteries, causing them to narrow, leading to decreased blood flow into the heart. This can either cause a heart attack, or angina (chest pain). In addition, blood clots can form within the narrowed arteries, causing stroke. It has been found that Atherosclerosis, which is a heart disease, is present in obese Americans ten times more than non-obese Americans (Spake 54). Overweight children are prone to getting high blood pressure, a condition with no signs but can lead to heart disease, when left untrreated. Numerous fast foods contain high saturated fat, which cause high levels of cholesterol. High cholesterol levels, when left untreated, can lead to stroke. According to Raloff (381-382), one in every five American teenagers has high chole sterol level. Diabetes Most fast foods have high sugar content, and the consumption of too much sugar contributes to the development of diabetes (Raloff 381-382). Obesity is the main cause of Type 2 Diabetes, which normally starts during adulthood. However, in the recent past, even children have been found to be suffering from Type 2 Diabetes; an indication that obesity has taken on the American children too. Obesity causes insulin resistance (a hormone that controls blood sugar), which leads to elevation of blood sugar level, causing diabetes (Raloff 381-382). It has been found that even moderate obesity can dramatically increase the risk of getting diabetes. Cancer Overweight women have a high risk of getting various types of cancers such as breast, uterus, gallbladder, and colon. In addition, overweight men have a higher risk of prostate and colon cancers (Raloff 381-382). Fast food has become the ideal choice for many people around the world, mainly because it is convenient, cheap, tasty, saves time. However, fast food consumption is not without negative effects, which are numerous, ranging from obesity, diabetes, heart diseases, cancer, to increased government spending on healthcare, and that is why I am against its consumption (Raloff 381-382). It is vital to point out that as much as fast food is convenient and spicy, which makes it preferable by many people, its negative health effects on consumers cannot be ignored. Therefore, there is a need to sensitize people on the impact of fast foods on human health to enable them make sound decisions with regard to fast food consumption, i.e. choosing healthy fast food options. Governments across the world should regulate the preparation of fast foods to reduce their calories within the recommended levels. In addition, healthy lifestyles such as regular exercise and healthy diet should be promoted to ensur e that people live healthy lifestyles. Buy custom Effects of Fast Food Consumption essay

Tentacle - Definition of Tentacle

Tentacle - Definition of Tentacle Definition When used in a zoological context, the term tentacle refers to a slender, elongated, flexible organ that grows near the mouth of an animal. Tentacles are most common in invertebrates, although they are present in some vertebrates as well. Tentacles serve a variety of functions and can help the animal to move, feed, grasp objects, and gather sensory information. Examples of invertebrates that possess tentacles include squid, cuttlefish, bryozoa, snails, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Examples of vertebrates that posses tentacles include caecilians and star-nosed moles. Tentacles belong to a group of biological structures known as muscular hydrostats. Muscular hydrostats consist mostly of muscle tissue and lack skeletal support. The fluid in a muscular hydrostat is contained within the muscle cells, not in an internal cavity. Examples of muscular hydrostats include the foot of a snail, the body of a worm, a human tongue, an elephant trunk, and octopus arms. One important clarification should be noted about the term tentacle- although tentacles are muscular hydrostats, not all muscular hydrostats are tentacles. This means that the eight limbs of an octopus (which are muscular hydrostats) are not tentacles; they are arms. When used in a botanical context, the term tentacle refers to the sensitive hairs on the leaves of some plants, such as carnivorous plants.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 45

Case Study Example This, therefore, means that a twist may be seen in the restaurant industry in terms of what they prepare and avail in menus to customers. The realization of the value of vegetables and the role they play in shaping dietary life implies that people will shift from HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Dazzler to vegetables as many would not wish to gain weight associated with junk foods. The hotel industry integrates a system in which every meal served must have some vegetables on the side (CSPI, 2015). Customers are more likely to feel satisfied only when they eat vegetables along with whatever meal they are taking. This revelation is enough to persuade the restaurant industry to revise and regulate their production in terms of how much HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Dazzler and vegetables they avail to customers. Continued campaign for vegetables over HÃ ¤agen-Dazs Dazzler will sensitize the public about eating right; therefore, the industry will have to comply by the customers’ demands. It is essential to make it clear that the Centre for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) is genuine in the claims made. New research discoveries imply that people will definitely change their behaviors and consequently the industries that serve them will have to modify and adapt to the changes. The revelations exposed by the organization in healthy dietary has shed light on what exactly it means to eat whatever one chooses and the possible outcomes to one’s health (Shils, 2005, p.143). The scientific manner in which CSPI carries out its procedures makes it reliable as its outcomes and claims are thoroughly researched. It has been a tradition especially in the American culture for people to prefer fast foods over well prepared and nutritionally rich meals. The emerging reports presented by CSPI give people a different outlook into nutrition matters. The restaurant industry also has to alter its every day way of doing things and adopt new strategies

The success of the Singapore Education System Research Paper

The success of the Singapore Education System - Research Paper Example The lack of other natural resources left human resource as the only asset available for Singapore to achieve modern economy ambitions. These, therefore, left education as the only option for building both the economy and the nation through the delivery of human capital engine and in the creation of a sense of Singaporean identity. Nation building and the exploitation of the human resource was faced with a challenge of racial integration that sprouted as a result of the British colonial policies on education, language, and citizenship. In order to meet the needs, Singapore put a lot of focus in the education sector. According to the prime minister, the purpose of education at early days was to â€Å"provide a good man and a useful citizen†.This made the first phase of education which was dubbed â€Å"survival-driven† created in an attempt to expand the primary education and support the development of a literate and technically trained workforce. Schools that existed were merged into a single Singaporean education system, and a bilingual policy introduced so that children could learn their language as well as English. The expansion became so rampant that by early 1970, ’s universal primary and secondary education was attained, and a national system of public education established although the quality was not high. After the success of the first phase, the second phase of education based on shifting from the labor-intensive economy to capital and the skill-intensive economic country was formed.

Explain the main determinants of exchange rate behavior in the long Essay

Explain the main determinants of exchange rate behavior in the long run and in the short run. In the context of your analysis di - Essay Example The speculation concept in this market has made it hard for achievement of stability. Gains and losses can be made in the same breath in this market. This presents a challenge in both the macro and micro economics world. The factors that influence this behaviour in the foreign exchange market has been a topic of concern to many scholars and economists the world over. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the main determinants of exchange rate behaviour both in the short-run and long-run by illuminating a number of theories and explain why exchange rates tend to be volatile and notoriously hard to predict. To better understand the exchange rates, the paper will first discuss the foreign exchange market and then it will look at the exchange rate regimes. The The Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the asset market approach through the Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIRP) will also be analyzed here.   Overview of the Foreign Exchange Market As the name suggests, a foreign exchange marke t is a market where currencies are traded. Foreign exchange market is also known as forex market. In this market, money is traded for other money. This is the basic definition of the foreign exchange market but in broader terms, the foreign exchange market is not restricted to the exchange of currencies. ... Gains are made in the same breath as losses in this market. This is so because the price of the currency in the market is determined by forces of demand and supply (Carbaugh, 2011). The financial market like goods market obeys the laws of demand and supply; the demand for currency varies inversely with price (Williamson, 2009). If demand for a currency increases its price increases (appreciates) making it unattractive in the market. Buyers thus switch to buying products where value of currency is low leading to depreciation of the currency until equilibrium is reached. For example, in a market involving dollars and pounds whereby the dollar is the domestic currency and the pound is the foreign currency, an increase in demand for foreign currency (pound) results in depreciation of the domestic currency (dollar) while an increase in supply of foreign currency leads to appreciation of the dollar until equilibrium is reached (Sercu and Uppal, 1995). The demand and supply concept As shown in figure 1, Do represents the demand curve for pounds while So represents the supply curve. Equilibrium exchange rate is obtained at the point where demand curve intersects with supply curve (point E). At this point, the exchange rate of dollars per pound is stable hence the market is efficient (Carbaugh, 2011 p. 399). The demand curve in this case represents the desire of the Americans to purchase British goods, services and assets and by observing the law of demand; the US demand for pound varies inversely with price. If price increases, the demand for pounds decreases and if price decreases the demand for pound increases. This means that if the dollar price of pound increases, exports from

Lives of Athenian and Spartan Women

Lives of Athenian and Spartan Women Athens and Sparta were known as the famous Greek city states. The two governed their city state differently in political system, social life, economy, education, religious view, and so on. Another main difference was the womens rights and power. Athenian women were horribly treated. They were highly kept and protected at home because the belief to Athenian men was that women were highly sexual beings who could not control their sexual urges and therefore had to be restricted for their own benefit. On the other hand, Spartan women enjoyably live with their status, rights, power, and respect which the women of another Greece city states werent lucky to be delight with those freedom. Spartans realized that regardless of gender all Spartan people had an obligation to serve the militaristic end of Sparta.(Gaughan) This essay mostly focuses on how Athens and Sparta differently and similarly treated their women to the following questions: How were Athenian and Spartan women educated? How did they get married? Could they women divorce their husband? What did they do when they become a mother? How did Athenians and Spartans judge their women? How sociable were Athenian and Spartan women? Did they have right to own property? How did they receive citizenship? What are the similarities between both of them? Athens was a powerful capital and the largest Greece city state. It was a heart of economic, political, financial and culture life in Greece. Athens represented freedom, art, and democracy. Athens was given its name from Athena goddess who is the goddess of wisdom and knowledge and won the competition with the sea god  Poseidon. Furthermore, the government of Athens was limited democracy. And Athens economy mostly depended on trade. Sparta was a well known city state in Greece, and located on the banks of the River Eurotas in Laconia, in south-eastern Peloponnese. When Sparta invaded Dorians, and brought both the local and non-Dorian population under control, it appeared as a political entity around the 10th century BC. Later on, it became a strong and dominant military land-power in ancient Greece. It considered itself as the Greece protector, providing expert armies to Greece whenever needed. The political system of Spartan government was a monarchy ruled by two kings. Moreover, economic in Sparta mainly focused on agriculture rather than trade. How were Athenian and Spartan women educated? Athenian women werent expected to get education from school such as how to write and read. However, they were taught reading at home. They were also taught necessary household skills such as spinning, weaving, and sewing, cooking, cleaning and managing other domestic duties by their mothers, and even the slaves whom their families had. Furthermore, they got education about facts on mythology, religion and occasionally musical instruments. On the other hand, since the Spartans believed that if their women are educated and are able to protect themselves; Spartan women could also manage property of their husband while he was gone. As the result, most of Spartan women are literate. At the age of seven, Spartan women were both academically and physically educated. But they didnt receive any knowledge related to domestic work as Athenian women such as weaving, cooking, sewing, and others because these kinds of work were responsibilities of helots and slaves in Sparta. For academic education, they were taught to read, write, and protect themselves. They got cultural education including poetry, social and religious customs, choral recitation, dance and music. In addition, music was a main section in religious festival. Spartan women, therefore, learned to sing and perform dance. For physical education, Spartan women were trained in athlete competitions such as running, wrestling, and javelin throwing. Moreover, they were well known  with their great knowledge in not only breeding and training but also riding horseback and driving small horse-driven carts. How did they get married? Since birth, Athenian girls were highly protected and kept at home. Athenian fathers arranged and married of their young teenage daughter at early age, normally at the age of thirteen or fourteen; to men who were 30 years old and sometimes from prominent families in Athens society. The brides father celebrated a marriage ceremony call gamos, which the aim is to show that the bride was passed to the groom. Athenian bride couldnt meet her groom until the contracts had already been approved. The process of marriage was quite very long and complicated. After the marriage Athenian women were supposed to join or move to live in their husbands family though they werent considered as full member of the new family until they birthed the first child. Unlike Athenian women, Spartan women had non-ceremonial for their marriages. Commonly, they got married at the age of eighteen years old. A Spartan woman was assigned to married a man who came and abducted her at mid night from her family. After that, she shaved her head and wear mans clothes. Then she was able to meet her husband, mostly for children purpose. After marriages, husband and wife lived separately. If husband joined war for too long time, Spartan woman could find a new husband. Could they women divorce their husband? Women in Athens couldnt divorce their husband without providing any reasonable evidences to public official and agreement from their husband. Though they successfully divorced, they would lose all rights to their children. Oppositely, Spartan women could divorce their husband without losing any wealth, properties, and even rights to children. What did they do when they become a mother? Athenian women were supposed to give healthy son who would be strong soldier. Thus they werent allowed to take parts in sport, competition, and military. On the other hand, being a healthy mother producing strong and brave son to serve in Spartan armies was a primary purpose for Spartan women since Spartan was known as strong militaristic city state of Greek. Thus, Spartan women involved in  military training, did exercises, and join athletic competition to make their bodies fit, strong and healthy. How did Athenians and Spartans judge their women? Athenian women were strongly determined on their artificial beauty rather than natural beauty. They liked wearing valuable and elaborate jewelry and nice clothes for being attractive and other purposes. On the contrary, Spartan women were well known for their natural beauty. Consequently, they were forbidden to wear or use any kinds of cosmetics or makeup, especially jewelry, which was a serious avoidance for them. How sociable were Athenian and Spartan women? Athenian women had very less freedom. They had a secluded life since they were forced to stay at home most of the time. They would lose their status if they failed to do so. Since Athenian women were educated, they couldnt have carriers or hold office in society such as prostitute, market seller, flute players, dancers, nurses, and mid wives. Only freewomen of poorer classes could do trade in market places, and went outdoor much more than wealthy women. More than this, women from rich family were physically protected by their slaves or male relatives, and they had to maintain and protect their reputation by not talk closely with men. Though Athens was a democracy, Athenian women still couldnt join public activities such as voting or taking part in state operation. They could neither watch nor participate in the Olympic Games, military training, and even athletic competitions. But, they could leave the houses to join religious festival. Spartan women, on the other hand, lived freely and left the house whenever wanted. They were strongly given confidence to speak in public. They could join group discussion in public. They could involve in military and also politics. Did they have right to own property? Spartan women were allowed to own wealth and property. After married, women in Sparta could own both her husbands land and hers, but her land couldnt become her husband land. Aristotle stated that, by the fifth century B.C., Spartan women owned two-fifths of the land. Spartan women had authority to control, manage and, abandon the land they owned whenever they wished. They could legally  pass their land to sons and daughters. In addition, they could also get income earned form their land. Even thought Athenian women could own jewelry, clothes, inexpensive things, they couldnt get the kind of ownership as Sparta such as owning land, luxuries, or any things that put into contract. In short, they didnt have financial independence. How did they receive citizenship? In idea of Athenian men, women were less necessary. Thus, Athenian women werent offered Athenian citizenship. Unlike women in Athens, women in Sparta were considered as Spartiates and also citizens of Sparta thought they couldnt join public assembly. Receiving citizenship in Sparta, one had to withdraw profit from owning land to pay for government. As what mentioned above, Spartan women could own land, so they could be awarded the Spartan citizenship. What are the similarities between both of them? According to what shown above, the life of Athenian and Spartan women are different from each other. However, they still had several commons. Both of them were required to get married. And the marriages were arranged by fathers. More than this, the two were expected to give strong and healthy sons. The two had to bear their children. They couldnt join assembly. They could own property. In short, women status in Sparta and Athens are quite different from each other. As we see, while Spartan women were educated to write, read, and know about cultural knowledge, Athenian women were taught managing household duties. For marriage, Athenian women were expected to get married in early age, and the process of getting married seemed be complicated. But in Sparta, women got married unless they were eighteen years old. Moreover, Athenian women were judged on artificial beauty, but Spartan woman were judged on natural beauty. And Spartan women were very active in the public. Contrast of Spartan women, Athenian women stayed at home most of the time. Last but not least, Athenian women didnt have valuable property ownership as Spartan women. Comparing ancient Athenian women to women nowadays, there are both similarities and differences. For similarities, both of them were pressed to produce  children and take care them, looked after home, and increased their beauty and attractiveness by wearing additional jewelry and beautiful clothes. One more similarity is that marriage is an important thing for their lives. Though they are similar, they are still different from each other. In contrast to ancient Athenian women, present women can go to work and do their own careers. They are sociable; they can go wherever they want, do whatever they prefer, and talk with whomever they like. Moreover, the marriages of modern women are mostly not arranged or chosen by their parents. Another difference is that women nowadays can involve or have status in politics and government. They also have right to education, and to own property as men have. However, most of what modern women can do is the same as what ancient Spartan could do. Consequently, we can assume that modern women and ancient Spartan women share many similarities. In my own view, if I had been born in ancient Greek, I would have preferred to be a woman of Sparta.

My Dad :: Personal Narrative Profile

Personal Narrative- My Dad Oh my god, I thought this day would never come. He'll be all right, I hope? Why him, why not some one else? On the far southwest corner of the ranch the cool wind whispered through the tall cotton wood trees, forcing me to feel helpless. Time was winding down and I was to. Indescribable hot sweats came over me, my knees began to buckle. I heard my dads voice say, "I'm a goner" echo through the dust cloud that my jittery feet were creating. He was never wrong, in my opinion, but I wanted him to be so badly. I said a prayer and we said, "I love you" for the last time. The ambulance putted up the road barley cleaning it while I sat and watched my daddy slip away, in front of my eyes. Suffocating and fading fast he looked right at me and I thought I had lost my best friend forever. After many years of hard labor as a mechanic, my dad developed bone spurs in his upper spine at the age of 51. Pain was involved in his everyday life but never stopped him from taking care of his family. Although he could still maintain the ranch, he lost an asset that we loved, and that was throwing a ball here and there. After a while it took control of his life and he wasn't able to do anything. A family discussion was held, options flew here and there, finally a verdict. He would get the surgery, and be back and happy in no time. While making this decision there were things we had talked about. Such as what would we do if we lost you? In addition, is it a safe surgery? It was a touchy subject but we had to talk about it. The doctor told us he had never had a death and that it was a common operation. This made my mom and I feel a wee bit more comfortable until the day of surgery. He couldn't eat or drink certain things, no painkillers, and was even told to think about happy things. These precautions were taken to lessen the chance of a problem during surgery smaller. The next week flew by quickly and during that week my family spent every moment together like it was our last. My dad and I threw the ball, just like old times, even though it hurt him.

Tourettes, I Swear I Can’t Help It

It was televised in May of this year, although during the show we see various clips from both men's lives. At Serge's introduction to the programmer all we see Is a camera shot of a nice looking private school†¦ And then loud screams. This shocks the viewer a great deal because we do not understand what Is going on and Immediately thoughts fly through our heads. Questions Like Who's screaming? ‘, why are they screaming? And even What's going on? Join our train of thoughts, but then the RPR voice-over of Sue Johnston explains that Greg developed Trustees at the age of seven.It then skips to the Greg of the resent – aged fifteen, and he explains how he had to leave that particular private school due to the fact that his parents could not afford to keep him there as well as pay additional for the special care he required. He goes on to mention that he now attends a public school after a campaign to get his necessary assistance. I noticed that when Greg and John are tal king most of their clips are in interview format, I believe the producer chose to do it this way because the camera is focused on their faces so you can see their expressions much better and see their eyes.This makes It el the more personal for the viewer at home. The next clips of Greg are ones of him in school In a lesson and his tics go off and you'd think they would disrupt the classroom but everyone Just goes on as normal â€Å"It's Like It was the wind† as Greg says. In the home videos of Greg as a child there Is always sad music backing It which I believe is to emphasize the emotion and distress the whole family were feeling at this time. Here is where the viewer begins to sympathize with Greg and his family and I believe this was the intention of the programmer. As the interviewer talks toGregg father he explains that after Greg developed Trustees he was feeling down and even went to see his GAP about it – the doctor told him he was suffering depression over th e loss of a child, and Serge's father was getting emotional while repeating this memory then he said†¦ â€Å"And it was true, I felt like I had lost a son. â€Å". I think there are many parts of Serge's childhood (or what we see of it) that are very hard-hitting and this Is when the viewer begins to realize that the condition Is truly dreadful. At one point Greg tells about a time when he was young he Just wanted â€Å"IT† o stop and he actually was begging his parents to kill him.As the younger Greg Is being interviewed we find that he is a very articulate and eloquent child. He explains now Nils tic makes NV swear sometimes Ana nest saying something Like â€Å"l I know if I should say it†¦. ‘Shut your F***inning gob' â€Å". When he says this the last part is whispered and this emphasizes his innocence and proves that it can truly happen to anyone. What I found most interesting about Greg is that he doesn't associate the tic as being himself, to him it is a different person and he even compares himself to Googol'.A few people might be familiar with John Davison because when he first developed Trustees at the age of sixteen, a documentary was made about him called â€Å"John's Not Mad† (1988) and we see clips from this documentary in the latest one, I think we see the clips of his youth and so on to emphasis that this condition does not Just come and go, it is ALWAYS there, and it shows John's constant suffering. Also when Greg first developed Trustees (when he was seven) a documentary was made about him, and this included John at the age of thirty â€Å"The Boy Can't Help It. . As we e clips of John we see the difference between him and Greg almost immediately; John had to endure his illness through a time where it was virtually unknown so people's understanding and acceptance was minimal. We learn all about John's life and how he deals with the Trustees. He goes to support groups where he has a good friend called Chopper, who also has Trustees. We learn that John works in a community centre with children, and we wonder could this be because he missed out on his childhood because of his Trustees?He says in the interview that he feels left out and likes to work with kids and it's â€Å"nice to get a hug†. I believe this shows that sometimes John feels truly isolated from the rest of the world, and this brings the viewer to an understanding of John – and we feel more connected because of how personal this documentary is. We learn that John's family wasn't as half as understanding as Gregg which made John's teenage years all the more unbearable. In some clips from â€Å"John's Not Mad† we see a canteen full of teenagers but no sign of John, that's where the camera skips to another room where John is sitting all alone eating his food.This emphasizes his isolation as a youth. As we find out more about John's family we discover that John hardly sees them now because they're all living their own lives in other places†¦. This makes the viewer think that the family was not, and still is not, very understanding and accepting of his condition, almost as if they're ashamed of him? But he goes on to explain how he's got a sort of ‘surrogate family with a woman called Dorothy/Dotty. He goes on to mention that he eats round at their house three to four times a week.I believe this is to show the viewer a glimmer of hope, show that even the loneliest of people can still find friendship and even the Emily they always wished they had. One thing that surprised me about John's illness is that he has a tic which causes him to spit his food. I did not realize that this could happen. But there is a clip of John as a young man eating a meal with his family and he's putting food in his mouth but then spitting some of it back out again. The viewer then realizes that this is probably why he ate alone as a young man and also realizes how many aspects of a person's life Trust ees can affect.There is one particular scene which really did shock me, it was when John and Dotty were shopping and heir stood in an aisle looking at something when suddenly John smacks Dotty in the face. This part confused me at first because I didn't realize Trustees could cause this sort of behavior, and I believe that this was one of the main reasons it was actually shown – because anyone with little knowledge of Trustees will stereotype it to be someone won swears Ana can't Nell I t wanly Isn't all Tanat serious, out tens clip snows that it is physically dangerous because he genuinely can't help what he does.As we go further into the programmer we learn how John and Greg have accepted that they eave this illness and they try to live their lives as normally as possible. Greg is happy to state that his Trustees doesn't control most of his life, he can still go out and make friends and it doesn't get in the way of his drumming either. We even learn that Greg and some of hi s friends are in a band by the name of â€Å"The Brotherhood†. We get comments from his friends about Greg and his illness; one boy says that in Year Seven he didn't realize that Greg actually had Trustees, he simply thought he was being rebellious.I think this clip emphasizes how little the common knowledge about Trustees is, that people don't even realize what it is and simply think the person is doing it willingly. Another friend makes the statement â€Å"He lives with it – why can't R†. This is a major statement in the documentary because it shows how things have changed and how different ages react differently to things, for a boy of fifteen to say something like this emphasizes the maturity of people in this situation.In an interview John says that he accepts his illness and even goes as far as to say if his illness was gone then he would miss it. All he wants is one day, Just one day, where e has no tics at all. But Greg is mentioning he actually had a da y like this, he says that it was the best day of his life' and he wishes to have another like it. This makes the viewer feel compassion when we realize that although Greg has had a â€Å"free day' – he will probably never get another one in his lifetime, and the fact that John is nearing his forties makes you wonder if he will EVER get such a day.I believe the purpose of this programmer was to raise awareness and increase understanding of Trustees Syndrome, because most people see it as a very funny sort of illness because it makes people swear. In all fairness the affliction can be quite funny and light-hearted at times and I think this was the producer's aim, to get people laughing first and then it would be more of a shock to them when it actually came to the serious stuff. Also it was to let the previous viewers (the ones who watched â€Å"John's Not Mad† and â€Å"The Boy Can't Help It†) know how these people were doing.When you're watching a documentary l ike this, I believe you start to care about the particular person because the programmer is so detailed and personal you almost feel as if you really know them. I believe the target audience for this was a very wide en. Greg is my age so I think people my age would find it interesting and reasonably easy to relate to Greg, and a lot of people are interested in Trustees after Pete Bennett, a sufferer of Trustees, who won Big Brother 7. It was somewhat of a phenomenon, and this is where the real awareness first rose, but people stereotyped Trustees to be funny, quirky, something laughable.Unfortunately the true illness was never fully explained; Trustees is a neurological condition (a condition that affects the nervous system). It causes both physical and verbal tics, which are involuntary repetitive movements or sounds. Trustees is named after the French doctor, Georges Gilles De la Torture, who was the first person to describe the condition and its symptoms. Most people have no idea whatsoever how common Trustees is and it is difficult to know exactly how many people are affected by Trustees because people with the mildest form often disguise their symptoms from others.A recent estimate is that one in every 100 people is affected by the condition. T Is primarily a canon Leases, Ana Toys are affected more than girls. Most people with Trustees will begin to have physical tics at the age of about six or seven ND vocal tics at around eleven. The cause is unknown, but research suggests that the condition is caused by problems with a part of the brain known as the basal ganglia. This documentary was very effective in my eyes, because I realized the true misfortune of Trustees, and now I won't laugh when I hear about it or see it.I strongly believe the programmer will have raised a lot of awareness on the subject and hopefully increase understanding so that the sufferers of Trustees can live a little better. It definitely conveyed to the viewer that it is very seriou s, especially with some of the clips from Gregg childhood, e. . The home video in which Greg Just collapses and can't move. The viewer sympathizes with and respects both Greg for having to go through it and his parents for having to deal with such things.In my opinion the programmer was very interesting, enjoyable and it opened my eyes. It could drag on in certain parts – particularly in the personal interviews, but it was not made to be exciting and interesting, it was made to raise awareness. Watching it for the first time has more of an effect on you than watching it a second time, so it was good for me being a first time viewer. Part of it makes me want to watch the other two wows but I realize that Vive already seen the ending so it would be a bit pointless.I would definitely recommend this to others, it is important for people to know about and understand this illness. So, in conclusion I enjoyed watching this show and I'm glad to have learned so much about a subject th at was practically unknown to me. I would give it 6/10 because it was very good but I didn't enjoy the whole thing, I don't think I'd watch it again unfortunately. My personal taste didn't favor the programmer very much because it was a bit too much like a lesson so it made me feel as though watching it was mandatory and not my choice.

Blood Collection Monitor

————————————————- Abstract: Blood Collection Monitor  is helpful for accurate blood collection; it’s a compact instrument to provide smooth and gentle rocking of homogenous mixing with anti coagulant ; i. e. without clot formation of blood cells during collection of blood from a donor. BLOOD COLLECTION PROCESS IS HAPPENING IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS. THE CHALLENGE TO PHLEBOTOMIST (One who draws blood for analysis or transfusion) IS TO MAKE EACH BLOOD COLLECTION PROCESS COMFORTABLE AND SAFE WITHOUT COMPROMISING QUALITY.BLOOD COLLECTION MONITOR COMES INTO ROLE HERE; IT IS SPECIALLY DESIGNED TO MAKE STANDARDIZED HIGH QUALITY BLOOD COLLECTION WITH REDUCED WORK LOAD OF PHLEBOTOMIST. BLOOD COLLECTION MONITOR ENSURES CORRECT VOLUME OF BLOOD COLLECTION WITH CONSTANT AGITATION FOR BETTER COMPONENT YIELD. SO, THE CORRECT VOLUME OF BLOOD COLLECTION AND MIXING OF THE BLOOD AND ANTICOGULANT GENTLY AND PERIODICALLY DURING COLLECTION OF BLOOD; CAN BE DONE BY BLOOD COLLECTION MONITOR. 1. ————————————————- Introduction: BLOOD COLLECTION MONITOR is an advanced device which is aimed to collect the blood prior to collection with use of latest technology in place of earlier, insufficient, conventional methods i. e. without accurate weight by using random movement. The main concept behind this project is use of mechanically provide rocking movement to blood and proper mixing with anticoagulants. Also restrict the blood flow from donor when particular limit is reached. I. e. 350ml or 450ml. This is done by load cell and by comparing signal activate the stopping clamp is activated.As, sensing range of load cell is in mill volts; directly the signal can be given as input to the circuit because it will provide insufficient output. So, it is required to be pro perly amplified. So, the block diagram is designed taking into account this matter. Then comparing it with reference signal which is decided by many experiments. It activates the clamp and stops the rocking movement of plate when weight in blood bag is presented. It is approximate to the actual design but more function of the instrument by extra features like flow detector, flow rate measurement etc.So, the component specifications may differ from the actual one. fig 1. blood bag fig 2. blood bag on plate of bcm 2. ————————————————- Requirement of project: As we all know that blood collection monitor is very helpful for collection of accurate blood, it’s a compact instrument that provide smooth and gentle rocking movement of homogeneous mixing with anti-coagulant, so in modern lifestyle most of the doctors prefer these types of instrument for collection of blood ver y accurately. Blood collection monitor is very helpful to donate blood. hat happen in past that there’s no such types of instruments were present so it is inaccurate random process for doctors to take blood from the donor and also sometimes improper mixing with anti coagulant lead to waste the valuable donated blood that process may not helpful to accurately blood collection. With the help of this modern instrument it is very easy for doctors to take the blood from the donor, and through this instrument may also required less effort. Collection of blood accurately and safely. 3. ————————————————- Generalized block diagram AND CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:BLOCK DIAGRAME OFComparator CIRCUIT 5-PIN RELAY DC MOTOR CLAMP MOMENT (OPEN/CLOSE) Blood Collection Monitor POWER SUPPLY AC MAINS INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT WEIGHT MEASUREMENT UNITS/LOAD CELL DC MOTOR rocking MOMENT OF TR AY BLOOD Donor/BLOOD BAG CIRCUIT DIAGRAME OF Blood Collection Monitor 5-PIN RELAY Each block in briefly†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. Power supply to give DC supply to ICs and other devices. 2. Mechanical assembly to apply rocking movement of plate. 3. Load cell for blood bag weight measure. 4. Instrumentation amplifier for amplify the signal from load cell. 5. Comparator for obtaining stopping pulse to clamp. . 5-pin relay to connect supply to clamp when stop pulse is obtained. Modifications can be applied†¦ * ADC- Analog-to- Digital Converter, Microcontroller, and display of weight. * Alarm circuit to indicating stopping operations. 4. ————————————————- DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EACH BLOCK: 5. 1. POWER SUPPLY: This is the main block in any of the electronic as well as biomedical project. Its Main function is to provide electrical excitation. 5. 2. 1. COMPONENTS USED: * IC 7812, 79 12(+12V,-12 V) * IC 7805, 7905(+5V,-5V) * IC 7815, 7915(+15V,-15V) * diode for bridge rectifier (4) capacitors of 1000 micro farads, 50 volts (2) * capacitors of 0. 1 micro farads (2*4) * center tapped transformer 18-0-18 5. 2. 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: FIG 3. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF DC POWER SUPPLY (+/-5,+/-12,+/-15 V dc) 5. 2. 3. WORKING OF CIRCUIT: The working of this circuit is so simple . Mains supply is given to the 12-0-12 center-tapped transformer. Output of secondary winding is given to the bridge rectifier IC . Then to get peak-to-peak output voltage signal, capacitors are used. In lab-application, variable power supplies are preferred. 4. 2. ROCKING movement of plate and weight sensor:Whole assembly made such that one side of plate is joined with DC motor and U shaped bended rod which can able to push and pull plate from one side as plate is fixed with assembly from center power to DC motor lead rocking or sea show type movement which we want. It is most important part of instrument as mixing blood with anticoagulant properly. Fig 5. DC motor shaft connected to assembly. Fig 4. assembly to provide rocking movement. Sensing weight of blood bag during donating the blood it is most important task as on this basis measuring, displaying, and further stopping of blood flow mechanism works.To measure the blood weight we used load cell as a sensor. In load cell according to change in weight input output in mill volt also changes by using this basic principle weight sensing is done. Load cell has in built bridge balancing circuit with weight sensor. Fig 8. Cantilever beam connection. Fig 7. load cell. Fig 6. Internal circuit of load cell. Fig 9. Original data sheet by Rudra sensors. According to data sheet input 8-12dc volt given to cell and output in changes in millivoltags. Below is data sheet of load cell. 4. 2. 1. COMPONENTS USED: * 12 volt DC motor Wooden and iron assembly * Plate * 12 volt dc supply 4. 3. INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER: This block provides sensor outp ut signal the sufficient amplification so as to drive further circuits properly and without loading. Generally 3 Op-Amp instrumentation amplifiers are employed in biomedical projects. As load cell senses in range of mill volts, we have to amplify it in of 1000 gain. Instrumentation amplifiers are actually made up of 2 parts: a buffered amplifier OP1, OP2 and a basic differential amplifier OP3. The differential amplifier part is often essential when measuring sensors.Because a sensor produces a signal between its terminals. The buffered amplifier OP1 and OP2 not only provides gain, but prevents the sensor resistance from affecting the resistors in the op amp circuit, and vice-versa! The gain can be calculated by: Where; R1=R3 and R5/R4 = R7/R6. (R5=RF). * Gain calculations: Gain (A) = (1+ (2*(R1/R2))*(RF/R4) Taking A=1000 & diving 1000 as 500*2, 1+2R1/R2=2 2R1/R2=1 2R1=R2 Taking R2=2K, R1 =1K. Now, RF/R4=500K R4=1K, RF=500K =1MOhm || 1MOhm = (1000000*1000000)/ (1000000+1000000) =500 K. 4. 3. 1. COMPONENTS USED: * IC OP07(3) Resistors of 1K (4 no’s) * Resistors of 2K (2 no’s) * Resistors of 1Mohm (2 no’s) * Power supply of 12 Vdc 4. 3. 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: FIG. 10 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER 4. 3. 3. WORKING OF CIRCUIT: The instrumentation amp offers two useful functions: amplify the difference between inputs and reject the signal that’s common to the inputs. The latter is called Common Mode Rejection (CMR). OP1 and OP2 are the two input amp’s and connected in the non-inverting follower configuration. It is the solution for the high gain and high input impedance.Note: This is of high gain circuit so before soldering it on GPB, connectivity check of all the components as per circuit diagram twice on bread-board is advisable. There may chances of unpredictable o/p due to IC saturation. 4. 4. COMPERATOR: It compares the input signal with reference signal. When input exceed from reference signal it gives positive sa turation and negative saturation when less than reference signal. We are using 1 volt as a reference , as from experiment we get 1 volt output from instrument amplifier through load cell under 350ml blood beg. 4. 4. 1. Components used: 1 operational amplifier Op07 * Resistor 10k (3 no’s) * Protecting diodes (2 no’s) 4. 4. 2. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: FIG 11. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF COMPERATOR BY USING IC OP07 4. 5 relay: Fig. 12 Basic relay construction A  relay  is an  electrically  operated  switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.Here in our applications operation is must switched from rocking movement to clamp operation. (As comparator detects particular weight i n plate rocking movements stops and clamp activated. ) Fig13. Pin diagram of 5pin relay 4. 5. 1. COMPONENT USED: * 5 PIN simple relay 4. 6. Stopping clamp: IV set passing from clamp that restrict the blood flow from donor. Fig 14. Clamp for restrict the blood flow When comparator generates stopping pulse from 5 pin relay it gives supply to DC motor and on its shaft rotation thread connected with clamp is going to pull and clamp is closed. Indicate that blood collection is completed.Also disconnect supply from DC motor that leads stop rocking movement. Fig 15. In our project IV set passing through clamp. In real instrument this type mechanism done by clamp type electromagnet as shown in figure. That pulsed by controller and as magnet generate the clamp force fully attract and it restrict the further blood flow from donor. 4. 6. 1. COMPONENTS FOR CLAMP MECHANISM: 12volt dc motor Plastic clip, Thread, Rubber bend 5. ————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- Application of project: The application of blood collection monitor is very widely used in blood bank and also in hospitals.Now a day’s almost all hospital’s doctor prefer these instrument for accurate collection of blood. Through this instrument we can easily collect the blood of donor and this instrument is also helpful in mixing the blood with anticoagulant so blood does not clot and also to collect the accurate amount of blood. Also indicate flow rate from donor to bag and error in flow rate whether any obstruction in donor vein in any case. Doctors and blood bank technicians prefer this instrument for the accurate collection of blood so we can say that its main application is in medical field and in hospitals. 6. ———————————————— Limitation: Blood collection monitor is a useful instrument for do ctors and so accurate for collection of blood so we found no any limitation in blood collection monitor right now. But ours is designed for only 350ml blood collecting, as well as it has no any current weight display, flow indications. Ours angular rocking movement is slightly large and jerky. 7. ————————————————- FUTURE EXPANSIONS: * In future this instrument will be facilities with more necessary parameters like flow rate, blood temp. Detector etc. Though motor used to rotate the plate not generating much noise but it will be removed in future. * Now a day’s BCM is single unit but in future it may facilities with some storage space of bag. (that will be more useful in mobile blood bank) * In future whole assembly make by fiber that’s making instrument lighter than present model. 8. —————————â₠¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- CONCLUSION: For Blood collection monitor we can say that it is useful instrument for collection of blood accurately for doctors and safe for donors. And that’s why it’s being more commonly used in most hospitals now a day.From my side I conclude that to design a single unit of instrument is not possible without fundamental knowledge of electronics, controlling, basic of simple principles and last but not the least patience and faith in my work and strength. I also mention that repetitive work on any circuit remove basic doughty and also working problem. My project also teaches me the technical thoughts, human relationship. 9. ————————————————- References: * Books/manual/ Catalog:- * Manual of blood collection monitor of bioastate pvt. Ltd. * Catalog of Rajas enterprise ltd. * SEARCH ENGINES:- www. google. com * OTHER SITES:- * Google images blood collection monitor. * www. biomedprogects. com * Visited blood bank/industrial estate:- * Guideline of Apollo hospital blood bank. * Rudra sensors Ahmadabad. 10. ————————————————- cost of project: Item| Description| Quantity| Total| Electronics components| ResistorsCapacitorsVoltage regulator IC, OP-07| 15156, 4| ` 150/-| Load cell| -| 1| ` 950/-| Assembly| Wooden and iron shaft mechanism| -| ` 240/-| Others supporting| GPB, core, connecting leads| 4| ` 20/-| | | | TOTAL AMOUNT: ` 1,360/-| — Thank you —